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The following tables include the vocabulary typically tested at Breakthrough (Level 4). 

Grammar: A review of the present simple and present continuous tenses. 

Grammar: A review of the past simple and past continuous tenses. 

• Grammar: A review of the present perfect tense through

• Listening & Speaking:  language practice and role play.

• Grammar: A review of the structures going to, will and the present continuous for talking about the future.

• Grammar: Revision and practice of question structures.

• Speaking: Asking each other questions about Barack Obama.

• Grammar: A review the first conditional structure. 

Review of plurals; countable and uncountable; a/the/no article
 

• Context Listening & speaking: advertisements and announcements on a local radio station (formal)

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• Exam Practice: Listening Part 3​

certainty and possibility; ability

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• Context Listening & speaking: speculating about images and listening to quiz programme. (informal).

• ​ Exam Practice: Reading Part 1

Determiners and pronouns 1 

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some/any; somebody/anybody etc.; much/many etc.
 

• Context Listening & speaking: answering machine messages, listening for purpose (informal)

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•  Exam Practice: Reading Part 3​

Prepositions 1: place and movement

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• Context Listening & speaking: Holiday receptionist telling guests about a park (formal).

• ​ Exam Practice: Writing Part 3

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Determiners and pronouns 1 

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some/any; somebody/anybody etc.; much/many etc.
 

• Context Listening & speaking: answering machine messages, listening for purpose (informal)

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•  Exam Practice: Reading Part 3​

Review: Basic differences between the present simple and present continuous. State Verbs

Context Listening & speaking: Tour guide announcement; places in the city and travel (formal)

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• Exam Practice: Writing Part 2

Determiners and pronouns 3 

’s/of ; personal pronouns; possessives; reflexive pronouns; there/it + to be

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• Context Listening & speaking: talking about a soap opera on TV (informal).

• ​ Exam Practice: Listening Part 2​​

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to or -ing?: verbs + to infinitive; make and let; verbs + -ing; verbs + to infinitive or -ing
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• Context Listening & speaking: Listening and talking about computers (informal).

• ​ Exam Practice: Reading Part 1​

Adverbs: using and forming adverbs; irregular adverbs; adverb position;modifying adverbs and adjective

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• Context Listening & speaking: family relations and celebrations; expressing disappointment (informal)

• ​ Exam Practice: Reading Part 5

Review of the Past simple and Past continuous tenses

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• Context Listening & speaking: Listening for attitude, tone (informal)

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• Exam Practice:  Writing Part 3

certainty and possibility; ability

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• Context Listening & speaking: speculating about images and listening to quiz programme. (informal).

• ​ Exam Practice: Reading Part 1

so/such (+ that); enough and too (+ to infinitive and for)

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• Context Listening & speaking: talking about personal issues (informal).

• Exam Practice: Writing Part 1

Review of the Present perfect simple and past simple; have gone and have been

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• Context Listening & speaking: friends  and relationships; experiences, attitudes, feelings (informal)

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• Exam Practice: Writing Part 1​

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Review of the past perfect and past simple; used to past perfect and past simple; used to

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• Context Listening & speaking: Radio interview, memories of the past (formal)

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• Exam Practice: Reading Part 5

Linking words 1
because (of), as and since; so and therefore; to and in order to

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• Context Listening & speaking: Describing the storyline of a TV programme (informal).

• Exam Practice: Reading Part 3​

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Useful tips and language functions for the written part of the exam.

Review of future tenses  will; going to; present continuous; present simple. 

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• Context Listening & speaking: friends talking about weekend and plans (informal).

• ​ Exam Practice: Reading Part 1​

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Determiners and pronouns  2

this/that etc.; all/most etc.; both/either/neither ; each/every

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• Context Listening & speaking: TV program and radio talk show (semi-formal)

• ​ Exam Practice: Writing Part 1

Questions: agreeing with statements yes/no; short answers; question words;

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• Context Listening & speaking: celebrity question time phone-in (informal).

• ​ Exam Practice: Reading Part 4

Adjectives - adjective position; adjective order; -ing/-ed adjectives;
nouns as adjectives

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• Context Listening & speaking: Clothes and shopping; Feelings (informal)

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• ​ Exam Practice: Reading Part 2

Review of the Past simple and Past continuous tenses

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• Context Listening & speaking: Listening for attitude, tone (informal)

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• Exam Practice:  Writing Part 3

Prepositions 2: time

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• Context Listening & speaking: talking about sport on the radio (semi-formal).

• ​ Exam Practice: Reading Part 4

Prepositions 3: expressions with prepositions;  verbs and adjectives + prepositions; phrasal verbs

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• Context Listening & speaking: student talking to teacher about future prospects with phrasal verbs (semi-formal).

• ​ Exam Practice: Writing Part 2

Conditionals 2
second conditional; I wish

• Context Listening & speaking: radio interview with songwriter talking about her wishes for the future (semi-formal).

•  Exam Practice: Reading Part 4

obligation; necessity; orders and advice obligation; necessity; orders and advice

• Context Listening & speaking: girl telling her mother about a TV programme (informal).

• Exam Practice: Writing Part 3

to or -ing?: verbs + to infinitive; make and let; verbs + -ing; verbs + to infinitive or -ing
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• Context Listening & speaking: a man talking to two students about making jewellery; giving reasons (semi-formal)

• ​ Exam Practice: Reading Part 5

Reported speech 1.

reporting what someone said; words which change

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• Context Listening & speaking: friends reporting on past events (informal).

• ​ Exam Practice: Writing Part 1​

passive voice. passive forms and uses; to have something done

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• Context Listening & speaking: Talking about science fiction films (informal).

• ​ Exam Practice: Reading Part 2

Reported speech 2.

said and told; other verbs used for reporting; reporting questions; polite questions

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• Context Listening & speaking: colleagues discussing newspaper report (informal).

• ​ Exam Practice: Reading Part 4

general notes; asking someone to do something; suggestions and offers; permission

• Context Listening & speaking: colleagues talking about their jobs (semi-formal).

• Exam Practice: Listening Part 1

Conditionals 1
zero conditional; first conditional: unless

• Context Listening & speaking: job interview (semi-formal).

• Exam Practice: Reading Part 3

Review of the Present perfect simple and past simple; have gone and have been

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• Context Listening & speaking: friends  and relationships; experiences, attitudes, feelings (informal)

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• Exam Practice: Writing Part 1​

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Review of the past perfect and past simple; used to past perfect and past simple; used to

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• Context Listening & speaking: Radio interview, memories of the past (formal)

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• Exam Practice: Reading Part 5

Linking words 1
because (of), as and since; so and therefore; to and in order to

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• Context Listening & speaking: Describing the storyline of a TV programme (informal).

• Exam Practice: Reading Part 3​

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Linking words 2

but/(al)though; in spite of; despite; both … and; either … or
 

• Context Listening & speaking: customer complaint about his holiday (formal).

• Exam Practice: Reading Part 1

which; who and that; whose and where
 

• Context Listening & speaking: tour of television studios. (formal).

• Exam Practice: Reading Part 2

Review of future tenses  will; going to; present continuous; present simple. 

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• Context Listening & speaking: friends talking about weekend and plans (informal).

• ​ Exam Practice: Reading Part 1​

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Useful tips and language functions for the Speaking part of the exam.

Adjectives - adjective position; adjective order; -ing/-ed adjectives;
nouns as adjectives

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• Context Listening & speaking: Clothes and shopping; Feelings (informal)

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• ​ Exam Practice: Reading Part 2

Your English class is going to use Duolingo at school. These are the instructions to join GUID2019!

If you are on a computer, go here: https://www.duolingo.com/o/hmkktu

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If you are on a smartphone or tablet:

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1. Download the Duolingo app and open it up.

2. Press Get Started. Then select English.

3. Set your Daily Goal and continue (you can change this later).

4. Create a Profile:

On Android, press the menu icon at the top right corner and press Create a Profile.

On iOS, press Profile in the top left corner and press Create a Profile.

5. Type in your Name, Email and Password, then press Create.

6. Go to your Profile and press Progress Sharing.

7. Type in your Classroom Code: HMKKTU

8. Press Join Class.

Prepositions 1: place and movement

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• Context Listening & speaking: Holiday receptionist telling guests about a park (formal).

• ​ Exam Practice: Writing Part 3

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Comparisons: comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs; comparing nouns

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• Context Listening & speaking: Magazines, music; Radio interview (formal)

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• ​ Exam Practice: Writing Part 1

Review of plurals; countable and uncountable; a/the/no article
 

• Context Listening & speaking: advertisements and announcements on a local radio station (formal)

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• Exam Practice: Listening Part 3​

Determiners and pronouns 3 

’s/of ; personal pronouns; possessives; reflexive pronouns; there/it + to be

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• Context Listening & speaking: talking about a soap opera on TV (informal).

• ​ Exam Practice: Listening Part 2​​

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to or -ing?: verbs + to infinitive; make and let; verbs + -ing; verbs + to infinitive or -ing
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• Context Listening & speaking: Listening and talking about computers (informal).

• ​ Exam Practice: Reading Part 1​

Linking words 1
because (of), as and since; so and therefore; to and in order to

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• Context Listening & speaking: Describing the storyline of a TV programme (informal).

• Exam Practice: Reading Part 3​

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general notes; asking someone to do something; suggestions and offers; permission

• Context Listening & speaking: colleagues talking about their jobs (semi-formal).

• Exam Practice: Listening Part 1

Prepositions 2: time

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• Context Listening & speaking: talking about sport on the radio (semi-formal).

• ​ Exam Practice: Reading Part 4

Prepositions 3: expressions with prepositions;  verbs and adjectives + prepositions; phrasal verbs

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• Context Listening & speaking: student talking to teacher about future prospects with phrasal verbs (semi-formal).

• ​ Exam Practice: Writing Part 2

Reported speech 1.

reporting what someone said; words which change

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• Context Listening & speaking: friends reporting on past events (informal).

• ​ Exam Practice: Writing Part 1​

Conditionals 2
second conditional; I wish

• Context Listening & speaking: radio interview with songwriter talking about her wishes for the future (semi-formal).

•  Exam Practice: Reading Part 4

passive voice. passive forms and uses; to have something done

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• Context Listening & speaking: Talking about science fiction films (informal).

• ​ Exam Practice: Reading Part 2